All commands, alphabetic order; letter L
\l (constant)
The \l command produces an l with a stroke, (Unicode U+142, ł). (See
also `\AA <doc-a.html#cmd-Caa>`__ or extended latin
characters).
\L (constant)
The \L command produces a capital L with a stroke, (Unicode U+141,
Ł). (see also extended latin characters).
\label
The \label command can be used to put a label somewhere. The anchor
can be a sectioning command, see the description of the
`\part <doc-p.html#cmd-part>`__ command. It can also be a figure, a
table, a math formula, a footnote, an item in a list. Here are some
cases.
\paragraph{A}
\label{pa}
\ref{pa} \ref{pb} \ref{pc} \ref{pd} \ref{pe} \ref{pf}
\paragraph{B}
\label{pb}
\begin{equation}x \label{pc} \end{equation}
\begin{figure} \includegraphics{x}\label{pd} \end{figure}
\begin{itemize} \item a \label{pe}\item b \label{pf} \end{itemize}
The XML code is the following
<div3 id-text='0.0.0.1 id='uid19'><head>A</head>
<p><ref target='uid19'/> <ref target='uid20'/> <ref target='uid21'/> <ref target='uid22'/>
<ref target='uid23'/> <ref target='uid24'/></p>
</div3>
<div3 id-text='0.0.0.2' id='uid20'><head>B</head>
<formula id-text='1' id='uid21' type='display'><math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>x</mi></math></formula>
<figure file='x' id-text='1' id='uid22'></figure>
<list type='simple'>
<item id-text='1' id='uid23'><p>a </p>
</item>
<item id-text='1' id='uid24'><p>b </p>
</item></list>
...
</div3>
\labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii, \labelitemiv
The default value of an item label (case where \item is given
without optional argument) is defined by \labelitemi, a bullet. In
the case of nested lists, it is the value of \labelitemii,
\labelitemiii, or \labelitemiv. Not used by Tralics.
\labelsep (rigid length)
Space between a label and the text that follows in an item. Unused by Tralics.
\labelwidth (rigid length)
The normal width of a box that contains the label in an item. Unused by Tralics.
\lambda (math symbol)
The \lambda command is valid only in math mode. It generates a Greek
letter: <mi>λ</mi> (Unicode U+3BB, λ). (See description of
the `\alpha <doc-a.html#cmd-alpha>`__ command).
\Lambda (math symbol)
The \Lambda command is valid only in math mode. It generates an
uppercase Greek letter: <mi>Λ</mi> (Unicode U+39B, Λ). (See
description of the `\alpha <doc-a.html#cmd-alpha>`__ command.)
\land (math symbol)
The \land command (logical and) is equivalent to \wedge command:
<mo>∧</mo> (Unicode U+2227, ∧). (See also description of the
`\smallint <doc-s.html#cmd-smallint>`__ command.)
\langle (math symbol)
The \langle command is valid only in math mode. It generates a
delimiter (left angle): <mo>⟨</mo> (Unicode U+2329, 〈). (See
description of the `\vert <doc-v.html#cmd-vert>`__ command.)
\language (internal integer)
When you say \language=79, the language number 79 is selected.
Tralics knows the following languages: 0 for English, 1 for French, 2
for German, and 3 for the other one. More explanations should be
given… (See scanint for details of
argument scanning).
\large
The \large command is a command that selects a large font. For an
example of fonts, see `\rm <doc-r.html#cmd-rm>`__.
\Large
The \Large command is a command that selects a large font. For an
example of fonts, see `\rm <doc-r.html#cmd-rm>`__.
\LARGE
The \LARGE command is a command that selects a large font. For an
example of fonts, see `\rm <doc-r.html#cmd-rm>`__.
\lastbox
In the case where the last item on the current list (XML tree) is a box,
the \lastbox takes it off the stack and returns it. Otherwise,
\lastbox returns an empty box. This does not work in math mode.
Example
\def\dupbox{\setbox0=\lastbox \copy0 \box0 }
\xbox{foo}{ok} and \dupbox; \xbox{bar}{ok}\dupbox.
Translation.
<foo>ok</foo><p>and ; <bar>ok</bar><bar>ok</bar>.</p>
\lastkern
The command \lastkern gives access to a read-only variable, that
contains a dimension. The location pointed to is never modified by
Tralics, so the \the\lastkern always expands to 0pt. On the
other hand \lastkern=3pt provokes an error before reading the equals
sign. See `\lastpenalty <#cmd-lastpenalty>`__ below.
\lastpenalty
According to TeX: You can’t use `lastpenalty’ in vertical mode. You
can’t use `lastpenalty’ in horizontal mode. You can’t use
`lastpenalty’ in math mode. In fact, you can only consult the value.
If the last token on the current list is a penalty token,
\the\lastpenalty returns the value; otherwise it returns 0. Since
Tralics does not inserts penalties in (the equivalent of) its current
list, the result is always the integer 0.
\lastskip
\lastskip gives access to a read-only variable, that
contains a glue. The location pointed to is never modified by
Tralics, so the \the\lastskip always expands to 0pt. On the
other hand \lastskip=3pt provokes an error before reading the
equals sign.
See `\lastpenalty <#cmd-lastpenalty>`__ above.\latex (from the html package)
Translation of \latex[foo]{bar} is foo.
\latexhtml (from the html package)
Translation of \latex{foo}{bar} is foo.
\latextohtml (from the html package)
This is the logo of the latex2html interpreter, defined as
\textup{\LaTeX2\texttt{HTML}}.
\LaTeX, \LaTeXe (constant)
The \LaTeX command translates to <LaTeX>, and \LaTeXe is the
same as \LaTeX2$\epsilon$.
latexonly (environment)
The environments latexonly and htmlonly are provided by the html
package as alternatives, when converting a document to dvi or HTML. The
first environment behaves like the identity, the second as a comment.
Example
\def\ok{4} \leavevmode
\begin{rawxml}
1
\end{rawxml}
\begin{latexonly}\def\ok{2}\ok\end{latexonly}
\begin{htmlonly}
\def\ok{ ?
\end{htmlonly}
\begin{comment}
\def\ok{ ?
\end{comment}
\begin{rawhtml}
<p>\def\ok{ ?</p>
\end{rawhtml}
\begin{LaTeXonly}
\def\ok{ ?
\end{LaTeXonly}
\begin{xmlonly}\def\ok{3}\ok\end{xmlonly}
\ok
The translation should be equivalent to 1 2 3 4 (the digit one being
written as 1).
LaTeXonly (Tralics environment)
LaTeXonly environment is opposed to the xmlonly
environment. Since the translator produces XML, the content of the
LaTeXonly environment is ignored. This environment behaves like
the comment environment. For an example, see the description of the
`latexonly <doc-l.html#env-latexonly>`__ environment.\lbrack
\lbrack command is equivalent to (in fact, expands to) an
opening bracket [. See also description of the
`\vert <doc-v.html#cmd-vert>`__ command.\lbrace (math symbol)
\lbrace command is equivalent to an opening brace \{. See also description of the
`\vert <doc-v.html#cmd-vert>`__ command.\lccode
\lccode13 12, you change the lowercase code of the
character number 13 to the value 12. Both integers must be valid
character codes. TeX uses this for its hyphenation algorithm: a letter
is part of a word, only if its \lccode is not zero. On the other
hand, the \lowercase command replaces, in the token list given as
argument, every character X by the character Y, provided that
\lccode X is Y, and Y is not zero; all other tokens are left
unchanged.\lccode and \uccode are defined for all letters of iso-8859-1
(with, and without accents), these are characters with code less than
256 (for all other characters, \lccode and \uccode are zero). See scanint for details of how
numbers are read. See `\uppercase <doc-u.html#cmd-uppercase>`__.
for examples of use.\lceil (math symbol)
The \lceil (left ceiling) command is valid only in math mode. It can
be used as a delimiter: <mo>⌈</mo>, (Unicode U+2308, ⌈). See
also description of the `\vert <doc-v.html#cmd-vert>`__ command.
\ldots (math symbol)
The \ldots command is valid in math mode. It generates a
miscellaneous symbol: <mo>...</mo>. Tralics recognizes the
following miscellaneous symbols.
$\ldots \prime \exists \Diamond \top \bot \mho
\cdots \forall \nabla \imath \flat \clubsuit \Re
\vdots \infty \surd \jmath \natural \diamondsuit \Im
\ddots \hbar \square \ell \sharp \heartsuit \angle
\aleph \emptyset \triangle \neg \wp \spadesuit \partial$
\Box command is not yet
implemented (but \square produces the same effect). 
(see also here). The \ldots command is also valid outside math mode, see
the `\qquad <doc-q.html#cmd-qquad>`__ command.\le (math symbol)
The \le command is valid only in math mode. It generates a relation
symbol: <mo>≤</mo>. Tralics recognizes the following relations:
$\le \leq \succ \simeq \parallel \subseteq \sqsubset \doteq
\ge \geq \sim \mid \subset \subseteq \ne \neq \frown \vdash
\equiv \perp \ll \supset \cong \smile \in \dashv
\models \preceq \gg \approx \Join \sqsubseteq \ni
\prec \succeq \asymp \bowtie \sqsupseteq \propto$
The XML result is shown here. All these
operators are from Table 8.5 of the Latex
Companion. 
(see also here).
\leaders
The \leaders commands reads a box and names it `leaders’. See
\xleaders for details.
\leadsto
The \leadsto command is valid only in math mode. It generates
<mo>⇝</mo>, (Unicode U+21DD, ⇝).
\leavevmode
The effect of this command is to leave vertical mode, and to enter
horizontal mode. Thus, if the mode is vmode (typically, outside any
paragraph), a new paragraph is started. This paragraph may be flushed
left, flushed right, or centered; but if nothing special has been said,
a noindent='true' slot is added to the attribute list of the <p>
element.
\left
This command is followed by a delim, then math mode material, then
\right and delim; it is used inside a math formula. A group is
started, the math mode material (the longest list, balanced wrt braces
and groups, including \left/right) is translated, the result is put in
a <mfence> element, that has as attributes `open’ and `close’ the
values of the first and last delimiter.
Here delim is a filler (optional space or \relax) followed by
\delimiter 27-bit number or letter or otherchar (a character of
catcode 11 or 12 whose 24-bit \delcode value will be used). From
these numbers two pairs (a,f) and (b,g) consisting of a 8-bit
character number and a 4-bit family number are created. These are used
to construct a variable-size character. Note that commands like
\overwithdelims also read two delim, so
$a\abovewithdelims\relax.\relax..2ptb$ is a valid math formula
translated by Tralics as $a\above.2ptb$
For instance \lbrace is defined as \delimiter"4266308 which
gives a first pair: character 102 for family 2, and a second pair:
character 8 in family 3. Now, font cmex10 (\texfont3 in PlainTeX)
contains a character at position O10 (read: octal-10), that has a
nextlarger at O156, that has a nextlarger at O32, that has a nextlarger
at O50, that has a nextlarger at O70, that is defined to be a varchar
top=O70, mid=O74, bot=O72 and rep=O76 (a varchar is a character of
variable height, formed by a top, a rep, a mid, a rep and a bot; instead
of a single rep, a variable number of reps can be used).
This mechanism is not implemented in Tralics. In particular
\delimiter provokes an error and reads a number. You may use the
following characters: ()[]|<> or the following
commands:\rbrace \lbrace \{ \} \rangle \langle \rceil \lceil \rfloor \lfloor \vert \Vert.
These are defined by PlainTeX. A dot means an empty delimiter.
\lmoustache \rmoustache \uparrow \downarrow \updownarraow \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \backslash \lgroup \rgroup.
These were not implemented in earlier Tralics versions:
\arrowvert \Arrowvert \bracevert / \backslash. For an example, see the `\vert <doc-v.html#cmd-vert>`__
command. Here is another example:\def\kernel{\frac{x^1_2}{y^3_4}}
\def\test{
\left\lmoustache\left\uparrow\left\Uparrow\left\updownarrow\left\lgroup
\kernel
\right\rgroup\right\Updownarrow\right\Downarrow\right\downarrow\right\rmoustache}
$\test$
$\let\left\relax\let\right\relax \test$
$\def\kernel{\int_0^{\frac{x^1_2}{y^3_4}}} \test$
The translatiton is
<formula type='inline'>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
<mfenced open='⎰' close='⎱'>
<mfenced open='↑' close='↓'>
<mfenced open='⇑' close='⇓'>
<mfenced open='↕' close='⇕'>
<mfenced open='〔' close='〕'>
<mfrac>
<msubsup><mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup>
<msubsup><mi>y</mi> <mn>4</mn> <mn>3</mn> </msubsup>
</mfrac>
</mfenced>
</mfenced>
</mfenced>
</mfenced>
</mfenced>
</math>
</formula>
<formula type='inline'>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
<mrow>
<mo>⎰</mo><mo>↑</mo><mo>⇑</mo>
<mo>↕</mo><mo>〔</mo>
<mfrac>
<msubsup><mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup>
<msubsup><mi>y</mi> <mn>4</mn> <mn>3</mn> </msubsup>
</mfrac>
<mo>〕</mo><mo>⇕</mo><mo>⇓</mo>
<mo>↓</mo><mo>⎱</mo>
</mrow>
</math>
</formula>
<formula type='inline'>
<math xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'>
<mfenced open='⎰' close='⎱'>
<mfenced open='↑' close='↓'>
<mfenced open='⇑' close='⇓'>
<mfenced open='↕' close='⇕'>
<mfenced open='〔' close='〕'>
<msubsup><mo>∫</mo> <mn>0</mn>
<mfrac>
<msubsup><mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup>
<msubsup><mi>y</mi> <mn>4</mn> <mn>3</mn> </msubsup>
</mfrac>
</msubsup>
</mfenced>
</mfenced>
</mfenced>
</mfenced>
</mfenced>
</math>
</formula>
Preview: 
(see also here)
\leftarrow (math symbol)
The \leftarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates an
arrow pointing to the left: <mo>←</mo>. (Unicode U+2190,
←) Tralics recognizes the following arrows:
$\leftarrow\longleftarrow \Leftarrow \Longleftarrow
\rightarrow \longrightarrow \Rightarrow \Longrightarrow
\leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow\Longleftrightarrow
\mapsto \longmapsto \hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow
\leftharpoondown \leftharpoonup \rightharpoondown \rightharpoonup
\uparrow \Uparrow \updownarrow \Updownarrow
\downarrow \Downarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow
$
The XML result is shown here. All
these operators are from Table 8.6 of the Latex
Companion. 
(see also
here)
\Leftarrow (math symbol)
The \Leftarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates an
double-stroke arrow pointing to the left: <mo>⇐</mo>
(Unicode U+21D0, ⇐). See description of the
`\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\leftarrowtail (math symbol)
The \leftarrowtail command is valid only in math mode. It generates
<mo>↢</mo> (Unicode U+21A2, ↢)
\leftarrowtriangle (math symbol)
The \leftarrowtriangle command is valid only in math mode. It
generates <mo>⇽</mo> (Unicode U+21FD, ⇽).
\leftharpoondown (math symbol)
The \leftharpoondown command is valid only in math mode. It
generates an arrow that points to the left, with only lower part of the
arrow-point: <mo>↽</mo> (Unicode U+21BD, ↽). See
description of the `\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__
command.
\leftharpoonup (math symbol)
The \leftharpoonup command is valid only in math mode. It generates
an arrow pointing to the left, with only the upper part of the
arrow-point: <mo>↼</mo> (Unicode U+21BC, ↼). See
description of the `\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__
command.
\lefthyphenmin (internal integer)
\lefthyphenmin=77, then TeX accepts to hyphenate a
word only if there are at least 77 characters to the left of the
hyphen. Tralics hyphenates nothing. (See scanint for details of
argument scanning).\leftleftarrows (math symbol)
The \leftleftarrows command is valid only in math mode. It generates
<mo>⇇</mo> (Unicode U+21C7, ⇇)
\leftline
\leftline{foo} is <line rend='left'>foo</line>. See also description of the
`\centerline <doc-c.html#cmd-centerline>`__ command.\leftmargin (rigid length)
This contains the value of the left margin. Not used by Tralics.
\leftmargini, \leftmarginii, \leftmarginiii, \leftmarginiv, \leftmarginv, \leftmarginvi (rigid length)
This command contains the value that should be put into \leftmargin
inside a list environment (at level 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively).
Not used by Tralics.
\leftrightarrow (math symbol)
The \leftrightarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates
an arrow that points to the left and the right:
<mo>↔</mo> (Unicode U+2194, ↔). See description of
the `\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\Leftrightarrow (math symbol)
The \Leftrightarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates
an arrow: <mo>⇔</mo> (Unicode U+21D4, ⇔). See
description of the `\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__
command.
\leftrightarrows (math symbol)
The \leftrightarrows command is valid only in math mode. It
generates <mo>⇆</mo> (Unicode U+21C6, ⇆).
\leftrightarrowtriangle (math symbol)
The \leftrightarrowtriangle command is valid only in math mode. It
generates <mo>⇿</mo> (Unicode U+21FF, ⇿).
\leftrightharpoons (math symbol)
The \leftrightharpoons command is valid only in math mode. It
generates <mo>⇋</mo> (Unicode U+21CB, ⇋).
\leftrightsquigarrow (math symbol)
The \leftrightsquigarrow command is valid only in math mode. It
generates <mo>↭</mo> (Unicode U+21AD, ↭).
\leftskip (rubber length)
\leftskip=10pt plus 2pt minus 3pt. This explains to
TeX that it should put 10pt (maybe up to 2pt more, maybe up to 3pt
less) of glue on the start of each line. Unused by Tralics (you
should use environments like quote or center instead). (See scanglue for details of
argument scanning).\leftslice (math symbol)
The \leftslice command is valid only in math mode. It generates
<mo>⪦</mo> (Unicode U+2AA6, ⪦).
\leftthreetimes (math symbol)
The \leftthreetimes command is valid only in math mode. It generates
<mo>⋋</mo> (Unicode U+22CB, ⋋).
\lengthtest
\lengthtest{\parindent<1cm}. This yields true if the current value
of \parindent is less than one cm. See `\ifthenelse <doc-i.html#cmd-ifthenelse>`__ for
details.\leq (math symbol)
The \leq command is valid only in math mode. It is equivalent to
\le. It generates a relation symbol: <mo>≤</mo> (Unicode
U+2264, ≤). See description of the `\le <doc-l.html#cmd-le>`__
command.
\leqno
Produces an equation number on the left. See
`\eqno <doc-e.html#cmd-eqno>`__.
\leqq (math symbol)
The \leqq is valid only in math mode; it produces
<mo>≦</mo> (Unicode U+2266, ≦).
\leqslant (math symbol)
The \leqslant is valid only in math mode; it is a variant of the
less-or-equal symbol: <mo>⩽</mo> (Unicode U+2A7D, ⩽). See
also description of the `\smallint <doc-s.html#cmd-smallint>`__
command.
\lessapprox (math symbol)
The \lessapprox is valid only in math mode; it produces
<mo>⪅</mo> (Unicode U+2A85, ⪅).
\lessdot (math symbol)
The \lessdot is valid only in math mode; it produces
<mo>⋖</mo> (Unicode U+22D6, ⋖).
\lesseqgtr (math symbol)
The \lesseqgtr is valid only in math mode; it produces
<mo>⋚</mo> (Unicode U+22DA, ⋚).
\lesseqqgtr (math symbol)
The \lesseqqgtr is valid only in math mode; it produces
<mo>⪋</mo> (Unicode U+2A8B, ⪋).
\lessgtr (math symbol)
The \lessgtr is valid only in math mode; it produces
<mo>≶</mo> (Unicode U+2276, ≶).
\lesssim (math symbol)
The \lesssim is valid only in math mode; it produces
<mo>≲</mo> (Unicode U+2272, ≲).
\let
After \let, there is a control sequence followed by equals followed
by one optional space followed by token (see
here the syntax). The effect of
\let\foo\bar (or \let\foo= \bar) is to make \foo equivalent
to \bar, concerning evaluation. Instead of \foo, an active
character is allowed. If the token is a control sequence or an active
character, its value is copied into the first token. For instance, since
\bar is valid in math mode only, then \foo becomes a math-mode
only command. An assignment like \let\foo\undefined makes probably
\foo undefined. Example:
{\def\B#1{a} \let \A\B \show\A}
{\catcode `A=13 \def A{b} \let\A A \show\A}
{\catcode `A=13 \def\B#1{c} \let A\B \showA}
{\catcode `A=13 \let A~ \showA}
You will see this on the terminal:
\A=macro: #1->a.
\A=macro: ->b.
A=macro: #1->c.
A=macro: ->\nobreakspace .
In the case where \let\foo is followed by a character, then \foo
will act like this character (same catcode, same value). Example:
{\catcode `A=13 \letA=1 \showA}
{\let\sp=^ \show\sp}
{\let\egroup=} \show\egroup}
You will see this:
A=the character 1.
\sp=superscript character ^.
\egroup=end-group character }.
\count0=0A1 will put 0 in
the counter, and \showA is a list of two tokens. On the other
hand, \sp is always interpreted as superscript character (but
\sp\sp ab is not the same as ^^ab). And \egroup is
evaluated like a closing brace (a token list contains always as many
open braces as close braces, but you can put any number of \egroup
tokens as you like; it is only when the token is evaluated that its
value is considered; exception: when arguments are read, the value of
each token is considered to see if it is an \outer token, so a
token can be non-outer when read and outer when evaluated). You can say \global\let, this makes the assignment global
(it is local otherwise) (unless
`\globaldefs <doc-g.html#cmd-globaldefs>`__ is strange).\lfloor (math symbol)
The \lfloor (left floor) command is valid only in math mode. It can
be used as a delimiter <mo>⌊</mo>, (Unicode U+230A, ⌊). See
also description of the `\vert <doc-v.html#cmd-vert>`__ command.
\lfoot
\lfoot command is valid only if the fancyvrb package is
loaded. It takes an optional argument A, and a required argument B
(the default value of A is B). The effect is to define the left part
of the page footer to A for even pages, to B for odd pages. For more information, see documentation of
`\fancyhf <doc-f.html#cmd-fancyhf>`__.\lg (math symbol)
\lg command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is a
math operator of the same name: <mo form='prefix'>lg</mo>. For an example see the `\log <doc-l.html#cmd-log>`__
command.\lgroup (math symbol)
The \lgroup (left group) command is valid only in math mode. It can
be used as a delimiter <mo>〔</mo>, (Unicode U+3014, 〔).
\lhd (math symbol)
The \lhd command is valid only in math mode. It produces
<mo>⊲</mo>, (Unicode U+22B2, ⊲).
\lhead
\lhead command is valid only if the fancyvrb package is
loaded. It takes an optional argument A, and a required argument B
(the default value of A is B). The effect is to define the left part
of the page header to A for even pages, to B for odd pages. For more information, see documentation of
`\fancyhf <doc-f.html#cmd-fancyhf>`__.\lightning (math symbol)
The \lightning command is valid only in math mode. It produces
<mo>☇</mo>, (Unicode U+2607, ☇).
\lim (math symbol)
The \lim command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is a
math operator of the same name:
<mo form='prefix' movablelimits='true'>lim</mo>. For an example see
the `\log <doc-l.html#cmd-log>`__ command.
\liminf (math symbol)
The \liminf command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is a
math operator of the same name:
<mo form='prefix' movablelimits='true'>lim inf</mo>. For an example
see the `\log <doc-l.html#cmd-log>`__ command.
\limits
The \limits command is valid only in math mode. It describes how
indices should be positioned. See
`\nolimits <doc-n.html#cmd-nolimits>`__ for details. For details see
`\mathord <doc-m.html#cmd-mathord>`__.
\limsup (math symbol)
The \limsup command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is a
math operator of the same name:
<mo form='prefix' movablelimits='true'>lim sup</mo>. For an example
see the `\log <doc-l.html#cmd-log>`__ command.
\line
\line(dx,dy){length} in order to put a straight line into
a picture. In general, the \line is the argument of a
\put(x,y){} command, and the (x,y) position indicated the
starting point of the line segment. Quantities dx and dy
should be small integers (at most six in magnitude) and coprime (in
fact, Tralics really does not care). If dx=0, then length is
the length of the line; otherwise, length is the length of the
horizontal projection of the line. See description of the
`picture <doc-p.html#env-picture>`__ environment for the syntax of
the (dx,dy) part, and some examples.\linebreak
The \linebreak command takes an optional argument. It is used to
favor a line break at this position in the paragraph. This command is
ignored in Tralics.
\linepenalty (internal integer)
\linepenalty=13, then TeX will use 13 for the line
penalty when it computes demerits. This parameter is not used in
Tralics. (See scanint for details of
argument scanning).\lineskip (rubber length)
\lineskip=10pt plus 2pt minus 3pt. This explains to
TeX that it should put 10pt (maybe up to 2pt more, maybe up to 3pt
less) of glue between two consecutive lines in a paragraph.
(if\lineskiplimit says so). Unused by Tralics. (See scanglue for details of
argument scanning).\lineskiplimit (rigid length)
\lineskiplimit=1.5in, after that TeX computes the
vertical skip between two lines of text as follows: the baselines of
the boxes are separated by \baselineskip, but is this would make
the distance between the bottom of one box and the top of the other
less than \lineskiplimit, then \lineskip is used as
interline glue. Ignored by Tralics. Typical values in LaTeX are:
\baselineskip=12pt, \lineskip=1pt, lineskiplimit=0pt. (See scandimen for details of
argument scanning).\linethickness
\linethickness{0.7mm} could be
<pic-linethickness size='0.7mm'/>. For an example of use, see \arc.\linewidth (rigid length)
This dimension is unused by Tralics. Initial value is 427pt in
Tralics (nearly 15cm), the same as \textwidth.
\listfiles
Using \listfiles has as side effect that, at the end of the run,
Tralics will print some information about all files (gathered by
\ProvidesClass, \ProvidesPackage and \ProvidesFile) to the
terminal and transcript file, for instance
*File List*
article.clt 2006/08/19 v1.0 article document class for Tralics
std.clt 2006/08/19 v1.0 Standard LaTeX document class, for Tralics
comma.plt 2007/12/29 v1.0 Insert commas every three digits (DPC)
checkend.plt 2007/12/14 v1.0 Checks for end environments
bbding.plt 2007/12/14 v1.0 Dingbats symbols
abstract.plt 2007/12/09 v1.1 configurable abstracts
keyval.plt 2007/12/08 v1.1 key=value parser for Tralics (DPC)
html.plt 2007/12/05 v1.0 Hypertext commands for latex2html
nopageno.plt 2007/12/31 v1.0 no page numbers
dummy.xml_in 2007/12/23 v1.0 Dummy file for Tralics
***********
\listoffigures, \listoftables
These two commands terminate the current paragraph and insert a
<listoffigures/> or a <listoftables/> element. For an example
see `\tableofcontents <doc-t.html#cmd-tableofcontents>`__ command.
\listparindent (rubber length)
Quantity used by LaTeX, for paragraph indentation of all paragraphs in a
list that do not start with \item; unused by Tralics.
\ll (math symbol)
The \ll command is valid only in math mode. It generates a relation
symbol: <mo>≪</mo> (Unicode U+226A, ≪). See description of the
`\le <doc-l.html#cmd-le>`__ command.
\llap
\llap{foo} is <line rend='llap'>foo</line> See also description of the
`\centerline <doc-c.html#cmd-centerline>`__ command.\llbracket (math symbol)
The \llbracket command is valid only in math mode. Its translation
is <mo>⟦</mo>. (Unicode U+310A, 〚).
\Lleftarrow (math symbol)
The \Lleftarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates an
arrow pointing to the left: <mo>⇚</mo>. (Unicode U+21DA,
⇚)
\lll (math symbol)
The \lll command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is
<mo>⋘</mo>. (Unicode U+22D8, ⋘).
\llless (math symbol)
The \llless command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is
<mo>⋘</mo>. (Unicode U+22D8, ⋘).
\llparenthesis (math symbol)
The \llparenthesis command is valid only in math mode. Its
translation is <mo>⦇</mo>. (Unicode U+2987, ⦇).
\lmoustache (math symbol)
The \lmoustache command is valid only in math mode. Its translation
is <mo>⎰</mo>. (Unicode U+23B0, ⎰).
\ln (math symbol)
\ln command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is a
math operator of the same name: <mo form='prefix'>ln</mo>. For an example see the `\log <doc-l.html#cmd-log>`__
command.\lnapprox (math symbol)
The \lnapprox command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is
<mo>⪉</mo>. (Unicode U+2A89, ⪉).
\lneq (math symbol)
The \lneq command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is
<mo>⪇</mo>. (Unicode U+2A87, ⪇).
\lneqq (math symbol)
The \lneqq command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is
<mo>≨</mo>. (Unicode U+2268, ≨).
\lnot (math symbol)
\lnot command (logical not) is equivalent to \neg command.
(Unicode U+AC, ¬). See also description of the
`\smallint <doc-s.html#cmd-smallint>`__ command.\lnsim (math symbol)
The \lnsim command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is
<mo>⋦</mo>. (Unicode U+22E6, ⋦).
\LoadClass
This is like `\documentclass <doc-d.html#cmd-documentclass>`__,
except that in can be used anywhere (in general from a class file), can
be used more than once, and unused options do not become global options.
\LoadClassWithOptions
This is like
`\RequirePackageWithOptions <doc-r.html#cmd-RequirePackageWithOptions>`__,
but is used in a class rather than a package. It loads the class file
defined by the argument, using current options.
\log (math symbol)
The \log command is valid only in math mode. Its translation is a
math operator of the same name <mo form='prefix'>log</mo>. Here is
the list of all log-like operators:
$$\arccos^2 (x),\, \arcsin^2(x),\, \arctan^2(x),\, \arg^2(x),\,
\cos^2(x),\, \cosh^2(x) ,\, \cot^2(x)$$
$$\coth^2(x),\, \csc^2(x),\, \deg^2(x),\, \dim^2(x),\, \exp^2(x),\,
\hom^2(x),\, \ker^2(x) ,\, \lg^2(x)$$
$$\ln^2(x),\, \log^2(x),\, \Pr^2(x),\, \sec^2(x),\, \sin^2(x)
,\,\sinh^2(x),\, \tan^2(x),\, \tanh^2(x) $$
$$ %These are declared m
\det_{x=1},\, \gcd_{x=1},\, \inf_{x=1},\, \injlim_{x=1},\, \lim_{x=1},\,
\liminf_{x=1},\,\limsup_{x=1},\,\max_{x=1},\, \min_{x=1},\,
\projlim_{x=1},\, \sup_{x=1}
$$
\loggingoutput
This command is ignored by Tralics; in LaTeX it is a piece of
\tracingall, in particular it sets all parameters so that boxes are
fully displayed when printed. You should say \tracingall in
Tralics.
\long
You can say \long\def\foo{...}. This defines the \foo command to
be \long, said otherwise, \par tokens are allowed inside the
argument. In the case of \newcommand\foo{...} the result is a
\long command, and \newcommand*\foo{...} produces a
non-\long one. A test done by \ifx is false if one command is
\long and the other is not. In old versions Tralics, the behavior
of the commands did not depend on the flag. If the source file contains
\def\tla#1{#1}
\long\def\tlb#1{#1}
\outer\def\tlc#1{#1}
\long\outer\def\tld#1{#1}
\newcommand\tle[1]{#1}
\newcommand*\tlf[1]{#1}
\show\tla \show\tlb \show\tlc \show\tld \show\tle \show\tlf
then Tralics will print this
\tla=macro: #1->#1.
\tlb=\long macro: #1->#1.
\tlc=\outer macro: #1->#1.
\tld=\long\outer macro: #1->#1.
\tle=\long macro: #1->#1.
\tlf=macro: #1->#1.
The next example shows the difference between a \long and a non-long command.
> \newcommand\foo[1]{} \foo{\par}
> \renewcommand*\foo[1]{} \foo{\par}
Error signaled at line 5:
Runaway argument?
Paragraph ended while scanning an argument of \foo.
\longleftarrow (math symbol)
The \longleftarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates
an arrow pointing to the left: <mo>⟵</mo> (Unicode
U+27F5, ⟵). See description of the
`\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\Longleftarrow (math symbol)
The \Longleftarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates
a double stroke long arrow pointing to the left:
<mo>⟸</mo> (Unicode U+27F8, ⟸). See description of the
`\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\longleftrightarrow (math symbol)
The \longleftrightarrow command is valid only in math mode. It
generates an arrow pointing to the left and the right:
<mo>⟷</mo> (Unicode U+27F7, ⟷). See description
of the `\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\Longleftrightarrow (math symbol)
The \Longleftrightarrow command is valid only in math mode. It
generates a long doublestroke arrow pointing to the left and the right:
<mo>⟺</mo> (Unicode U+27FA, ⟺). See description
of the `\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\longmapsfrom (math symbol)
The \longmapsfrom command is valid only in math mode. It generates
an arrow: <mo>⟻</mo> (Unicode U+27FB, ⟻).
\Longmapsfrom (math symbol)
The \Longmapsfrom command is valid only in math mode. It generates
an arrow: <mo>⟽</mo> (Unicode U+27FD, ⟽).
\Longmapsto (math symbol)
The \Longmapsto command is valid only in math mode. It generates an
arrow: <mo>⟾</mo> (Unicode U+27FE, ⟾).
\longmapsto (math symbol)
The \longmapsto command is valid only in math mode. It generates an
arrow: <mo>⟼</mo> (Unicode U+27FC, ⟼). See description of
the `\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\longrightarrow (math symbol)
The \longrightarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates
a long arrow pointing to the right: <mo>⟶</mo>
(Unicode U+27F6, ⟶). See description of the
`\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\Longrightarrow (math symbol)
The \Longrightarrow command is valid only in math mode. It generates
a long double stroke arrow pointing to the right:
<mo>⟹</mo> (Unicode U+27F9, ⟹) See description of the
`\leftarrow <doc-l.html#cmd-leftarrow>`__ command.
\loop
The \loop command can be defined as
% Plain tex definition
\def\loop#1\repeat{\def\body{#1}\iterate}
\def\iterate{\body \let\next\iterate \else\let\next\relax\fi \next}
\let\repeat=\fi % this makes \loop...\if...\repeat skippable
% Latex definition
\def\loop#1\repeat{\def\iterate{#1\relax\expandafter\iterate\fi}%
\iterate \let\iterate\relax}
\let\repeat\fi
The definition of Tralics is the same as the definition of LaTeX, but
the \iterate token used is private (different from all commands that
the user can enter).
You say \loop alpha \if... beta \repeat, where alpha and
beta are any sequences of commands (if they contain a \repeat
token, it must be hidden in braces) and where \if... is any
conditional test, without a matching \fi. TeX will first do
alpha, then if the condition is true, TeX will do beta and
repeat the whole process again starting with alpha. If the condition
ever turns out to be false, the loop will stop.
Consider
\def\looptest#1#2#3{\count0=#1\relax
\loop #2\advance\count0by-1
\ifnum\count0>0 #3\repeat}
Here the first argument of \looptest will be put in count register
0, the third argument is beta, the condition is \ifnum\count0>0
the alpha is formed of the second argument and a piece of code that
decrements the counter. Said otherwise, if the first argument is 5, then
the second argument will be executed 5 times, and the third argument 4
times. Example:
\def\looptest#1#2#3{\count0=#1\relax \loop #2\advance\count0by-1
\ifnum\count0>0 #3\repeat}
\def\res{}
\looptest5{\edef\res{\the\count0 a\res}}{\edef\res{b\res}}
\testeq\res{1ab2ab3ab4ab5a}%The command \testeq checks that its arguments are equal
See also commented example.\looparrowleft (math symbol)
The \looparrowleft command is valid only in math mode. It generates
<mo>↫</mo> (Unicode U+21AB, ↫).
\looparrowright (math symbol)
The \looparrowright command is valid only in math mode. It generates
<mo>↬</mo> (Unicode U+21AC, ↬).
\looseness (internal integer)
\looseness=90, then TeX will try to make the current
paragraph 90 lines longer than its optimum length; the badness of each
individual line cannot exceed the given tolerance. Unused by
Tralics. (See scanint for details of
argument scanning).\lor (math symbol)
The \lor command (logical or) is equivalent to \vee command:
<mo>∨</mo> (Unicode U+2228, ∨). See also description of the
`\smallint <doc-s.html#cmd-smallint>`__ command.
\lower
This lowers a box. See `\moveleft <doc-m.html#moveleft>`__.
\lowercase
The \lowercase command converts its argument to lowercase. For
instance \lowercase{Foo+\Bar} is equivalent to foo+\Bar. (See
`\uppercase <doc-u.html#cmd-uppercase>`__.) (see
scantoks for the syntax.)
\lozenge
The \lozenge command is valid in math mode only; it produces the
symbol <mo>◊</mo> (Unicode U+25CA, ◊).
\lq
The \lq command expands to a left quote (back-quote). You can say
{\lq\foo\rq} or {`\foo'}, the result is the same.
\lsc
This command is defined by compatibility with the french package. The
translation of \lsc{Abc} is <hi rend='sc'>Abc</hi>
\Lsh
The \Lsh command is valid in math mode only; it produces the symbol
<mo>↰</mo> (Unicode U+21B0, ↰).
\ltimes
The \ltimes command is valid in math mode only; it produces the
symbol <mo>⋉</mo> (Unicode U+22C9, ⋉).
\lvert (math symbol)
The \lvert command is valid in math mode only; it is a left
delimiter associated to `\vert <doc-v.html#cmd-vert>`__; it produces
the symbol <mo>|</mo> (Unicode U+7C, |).
\lVert (math symbol)
The \lVert command is valid in math mode only; it is a left
delimiter associated to `\Vert <doc-v.html#cmd-Vert>`__; it produces
the symbol <mo>∥</mo> (Unicode U+2225, ∥).